Search results for "Electrical safety"

showing 10 items of 18 documents

On the Interconnections of HV–MV Stations to Global Grounding Systems

2019

The interconnection of grounding systems of HV-MV stations via the armors of medium voltage cables, is herein analyzed to verify the effects on touch voltages in ground-fault conditions. The major contributions of this paper are two: the analysis of the impact of an HV ground-fault on a global grounding system (GGS), and the analysis of the parameters that may affect safety due to the interconnection between HV-MV stations and the GGS. The authors have analyzed cases when the connection of an HV-MV station to a GGS improves safety, and then may introduce hazards under ground-fault conditions. Two main issues are herein discussed: 1) the transfer of dangerous voltages to substations, due to …

Computer science020209 energy02 engineering and technologyground faultinterconnected grounding systemsIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringTransfer (computing)0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringPower gridElectrical and Electronic EngineeringHV/MV stationElectrical safetyInterconnectionglobal grounding system (GGS)business.industryGroundElectrical engineering021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyGridEarthing systemLine (electrical engineering)Settore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaControl and Systems Engineering0210 nano-technologybusinessVoltageIEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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Characterization of DC series arc faults in PV systems based on current low frequency spectral analysis

2021

Abstract This work presents an experimental study focused on the characterization of series arc faults in direct current (DC) photovoltaic (PV) systems. The aim of the study is to identify some relevant characteristics of arcing current, which can be obtained by means of low frequency spectral analysis of current signal. On field tests have been carried out on a real PV system, in accordance with some tests requirements of UL 1699B Standard for protection devices against PV DC arc faults. Arcing and non-arcing current signals are acquired and compared and the behavior of a set of indicators proposed by authors is analyzed. Different measurement equipment have been used, in order to study th…

Computer scienceApplied Mathematics020208 electrical & electronic engineering010401 analytical chemistryDirect currentPhotovoltaic systemArc fault detection Electrical safety Fault diagnosis PV systems Series arcs UL 1699B02 engineering and technologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesSignal0104 chemical sciencesElectric arcArc (geometry)Data acquisition0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectronic engineeringMetering modeElectrical and Electronic EngineeringCurrent (fluid)InstrumentationSettore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche E Elettroniche
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A set of indicators for arc faults detection based on low frequency harmonic analysis

2016

In this paper a novel set of indicators is presented for arc faults detection in electrical circuits. The indicators are defined starting from an experimental characterization of the arc fault phenomenon and the study of the arcing current in several test conditions, which were chosen in accordance with the UL 1699 Standard requirements. The proposed parameters are measured by means of a high resolution low frequency spectral analysis of the arcing current, which allows to achieve a good spectral resolution even with short observation windows.

Engineering020209 energyArc-fault circuit interrupter02 engineering and technologyUL 1699Low frequencylaw.inventionArc (geometry)Harmonic analysisElectric arcarc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI)power system measurements power system harmonics fault diagnosis arc discharges interrupters arc faults detection home protection electrical safety series arcs arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) UL 1699lawhome protection0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectronic engineeringSpectral resolutionpower system harmonicsinterruptersbusiness.industry020208 electrical & electronic engineeringarc faults detectionfault diagnosispower system measurementsFault indicatorElectrical networkarc dischargeselectrical safetybusinessSettore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche E Elettroniche2016 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings
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Currents Distribution During a Fault in an MV Network: Methods and Measurements

2016

When a single line to ground fault happens on the MV side of a HV/MV system, only a small portion of the fault current is injected into the ground by the ground-grid of the faulty substation. In fact the fault current is distributed between grounding electrodes and MV cables sheaths. In systems with isolated neutral or with resonant earthing this may be sufficient to provide safety from electric shock. Experimental measurements were performed on a real MV distribution network: a real single line to ground fault was made and fault currents were measured in the faulty substation and in four neighboring substations. In this paper the problem of fault current distribution is introduced, the tes…

EngineeringDistribution (number theory)020209 energyGlobal earthing system02 engineering and technologyglobal earthing systemsFault (power engineering)Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringFault current limiter0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringmedicineCurrent distributionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringElectrical conductorsingle line to ground faultglobal earthing systems (GESs)Current distribution electrical safety global earthing systems (GESs) grounding power distribution faults power system faults single line to ground fault (SLGF)business.industryGroundElectric shockElectrical engineeringpower system faultsgroundingmedicine.diseaseGridSingle linecurrent distribution; electrical safety; global earthing systems; grounding; power distribution faults; power system faults; single line to ground fault; control and systems engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; electrical and electronic engineeringSettore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaPower system faultControl and Systems Engineeringsingle line to ground fault (SLGF)power distribution faultselectrical safetybusinessCurrent distribution; electrical safety; global earthing systems (GESs); grounding; power distribution faults; power system faults; single line to ground fault (SLGF); Control and Systems Engineering; Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; Electrical and Electronic EngineeringPower distribution fault
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On the hazardous situations due to the presence of HV/MV substations in urban areas

2017

The paper focuses on the hazardous situations that can rise in urban areas in case of earth fault inside a High Voltage/Medium Voltage station. IEEE and IEC/EN Standards and technical documents are examined and discussed, in order to propose some practical guidelines for a safe integration of such installations in contexts characterized by the presence of low voltage systems and not trained persons.

EngineeringEnvironmental Engineeringbusiness.industry020209 energySubstationsElectrical engineeringEnergy Engineering and Power Technology02 engineering and technologySubstationTechnical documentationIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringSettore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaEarth fault; Global Earthing Systems; Safety; Substations; electrical safetyHazardous wasteOrder (business)Global Earthing Systems0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSafetyelectrical safetybusinessLow voltageEarth faultGlobal Earthing SystemVoltage
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The Quest for Global Safety

2007

The authors present a systematic study on the factors that have influence on the establishment of the safety conditions ensuring the rise of Global Earthing Systems. Starting from the definition of Global Earthing System given by CENELEC Document HD 637 SI and from the results of the studies done on the last years on the interconnected earthing systems inside MV networks, the paper proposes some directions of deepening on the topic of Global Safety. Some of the themes whom the paper deals with are: the correct definition of proximity, interconnection and quasi-equipotentiality of the earth electrodes belonging to a Global Earthing System; the influence of the presence of HV/MV stations on h…

EngineeringInterconnectionbusiness.industryGroundElectrical engineeringEarthing systemFault (power engineering)Reliability engineeringlaw.inventionSettore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergialawCLARITYGrounding Earth Electrodes Substations Voltage High definition video Satellite ground stations Enterprise resource planning Electrical safety Electrical accidentsbusiness
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Arc Fault Detection Method Based on CZT Low-Frequency Harmonic Current Analysis

2017

This paper presents a method for the detection of series arc faults in electrical circuits, which has been developed starting from an experimental characterization of the arc fault phenomenon and an arcing current study in several test conditions. Starting from this, the authors have found that is it possible to suitably detect arc faults by means of a high-resolution low-frequency harmonic analysis of current signal, based on chirp zeta transform, and a proper set of indicators. The proposed method effectiveness is shown by means of experimental tests, which were carried in both arcing and nonarcing conditions and in the presence of different loads, chosen according to the UL 1699 standard…

Engineeringarc fault detection020209 energyseries arcsArc-fault circuit interrupter02 engineering and technologyUL 1699Fault detection and isolationlaw.inventionHarmonic analysisElectric arcarc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI)Arc dischargeslawArc discharges arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) arc fault detection electrical safety fault diagnosis home protection interrupters power system harmonics power system measurements series arcs UL 1699Fault current limiterhome protection0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectronic engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringInstrumentationpower system harmonicsinterruptersbusiness.industry020208 electrical & electronic engineeringfault diagnosispower system measurementsFault indicatorElectrical networkHarmonicelectrical safetybusinessSettore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche E Elettroniche
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A practical method to test the safety of HV/MV substation Grounding Systems

2015

The adequacy of a Grounding System (GS) to the safety conditions has to be periodically tested by measurements. The test methods and techniques used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS include the measurements of step and touch voltages. The goal of the test is to verify that touch voltage and step voltage remain below a safe value in all the zones of the installation. The measurements can present some operational difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to present the procedure, step-by-step, of a practical method of measuring touch/step voltages in grounding systems located in urban or industrial areas with reduced accessibility. The suggested method uses auxiliary curren…

Engineeringbusiness.industryGroundEnergy Engineering and Power Technologyglobal grounding systemground potentialgrounding systemEarthing systemelectrical safety; global grounding system; ground potential; grounding system; electrical and electronic engineering; energy engineering and power technologyElectrical safety; grounding system; Global Grounding System; Ground potentialTest (assessment)Settore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaElectronic engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessSimulationVoltageElectrical safety
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Experimental characterization of series arc faults in AC and DC electrical circuits

2014

This paper presents an experimental characterization of the arc fault phenomenon, for both AC and DC systems, focusing the attention on series arcs. The aim of the study is to find some current characteristics, which can be significant for the purpose of arc detection. The arcing current signal is analyzed in both time and frequency domain. For the AC analysis, the test conditions are chosen in accordance with the “unwanted tripping tests” and the “operation inhibition tests” reported in the Standard UL 1699. The DC study is carried out on the currents waveforms acquired during some on-field tests on a PV plant. Starting from the study herein presented, the authors have found that is it pos…

Engineeringbusiness.industryarc faults detection home protection photovoltaic systems electrical safety series arcs arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) UL 1699Electrical engineeringArc-fault circuit interrupterlaw.inventionArc (geometry)Electric arclawFrequency domainElectrical networkElectronic engineeringHarmonicArc flashWaveformbusinessSettore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche E Elettroniche
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Current and Voltage Behaviour During a Fault in a HV/MV System: Methods and Measurements

2015

When a single line to ground fault happens on the MV side of a HV/MV system, only a small portion of the fault current is injected into the ground by the ground-grid of the faulty substation. In fact the fault current is distributed between grounding electrodes and MV cables sheaths. In systems with isolated neutral or with resonant earthing this may be sufficient to provide safety from electric shock. Experimental measurements were performed on a real MV distribution network: a real single line to ground fault was made and fault currents were measured in the faulty substation and in four neighbouring substations. In this paper the problem of fault current distribution is introduced, the te…

Engineeringelectrical and electronic engineeringGlobal earthing systemCurrent distribution; Electrical safety; Global earthing systems; grounding; Power distribution faults; Single line to ground faultHardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITYFault (power engineering)Fault current limiterElectronic engineeringmedicineGlobal earthing systemscurrent distribution; electrical safety; global earthing systems; grounding; power distribution faults; single line to ground fault; electrical and electronic engineering; energy engineering and power technologyenergy engineering and power technologyCurrent distributionPower distribution faultsElectrical safetySingle line to ground faultElectric shockGroundbusiness.industryElectrical engineeringgroundingSingle linemedicine.diseaseEarthing systemSettore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaCurrent (fluid)businessPower distribution faultVoltage
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